【Topics Pickup】 The role of 'Catalytic Converter' contribute to global effort in air pollution treatment by minimizing greenhouse gas emissions to the environment.
At SGM emphasizes the production process and environmentally friendly products in every step, along with the continuous research and development of environmental technologies.
The production standards of our Metal Honeycomb for Catalytic Converters for air pollution treatment before returning to the environment, begin with the awareness of employees' production ethics and expertise from production experience with advanced production technology in every step of the production process strictly follows the specified process standards to ensure that we have gained trust from customers with products that can reduce pollution and are certified to comply with the Euro emissions standards of each area around the world.
◼ What Is a Catalytic Converter?
A catalytic converter is an automotive component that lies between a car’s engine and its exhaust pipe. It contains catalysts to remove pollutants from the car’s engine that helps lower the number of toxic pollutants emitted into the air by converting hazardous combustion gases into less harmful substances, like water vapor and carbon dioxide, protecting us from health problems and our environment from smog, acid rain and pollution.
A purpose of a catalytic converter is to use a chamber called a catalyst to change the harmful compounds from an engine’s emissions into safe gases. It works to split up the unsafe molecules in the gases that a car produces before they get released into the air. This is done by exposing these fumes to chemicals and metals inside the converter to prompt chemical reactions that transform otherwise toxic pollutants into relatively harmless ones.
The shape of the Catalytic Converter is similar to a metal honeycomb, coated in a thin layer with one or a mixture of two types of PGM (Platinum Group Metal), such as white gold or Pt (Platinum), Pd (Palladium) and Rh (Rhodium).
◼ What Does the Catalytic Converter Do?
When a combustion engine burns fuel and oxygen, gases are brought in from the “input” pipe connected to the engine of a vehicle and flow through catalyst inside a catalytic converter with a metal honeycomb structure located within the cat housing. This is lined with metals that have specific jobs that play a role in reducing emissions, to provide a site for the 'Oxidation' and 'Reduction' of toxic by products (like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) of fuel into less hazardous substances such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen gas.
There are two types of catalysts inside a catalytic converter is the 'Oxidation' and 'Reduction', by Rhodium is used as a reduction catalyst, palladium is used as an oxidation catalyst, and platinum is used both for reduction and oxidation, with three reactions that occur within them :
1 - Reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
NOx is a collective term for the pollutants Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). When the nitrogen oxides undergo reduction, they get converted into nitrogen gas (N2) which is environmentally harmless. ; (NOx→Nx+Ox)
Rhodium is the metal that is primarily responsible for catalyzing the reduction reaction.
2 - Oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide is notoriously bad for human health, and is a natural byproduct of burning any type of fuel. Oxidation is, simply put, the addition of oxygen to a compound; so, when CO is oxidized, it forms carbon dioxide (CO2), which is significantly less toxic than CO. ; (CO+O2→CO2)
3 - Oxidation of un-burnt hydrocarbons (HCs)
Gasoline, oil, propane, coal, wood… all these things have something in common: they are made up of hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon is any compound that consists entirely of carbon and hydrogen. These compounds make good fuel because they burn relatively easily, which releases energy that can then be used to heat a home, cook food, or power vehicles. Any fuel that manages to leave the engine without being burned will undergo oxidation once it reaches the catalytic converter, which breaks down the hydrocarbons and combines them with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). ; CxH4x+2xO2→xCO2+2xH2O
Platinum and Palladium are both responsible for catalyzing the oxidation reactions.
◼ What are the European emission standards? and SGM's role as a manufacturer of Metal Honeycomb components for Catalyic Converters.
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards.
The European countries initiated and set the first Euro 1 standard in 1970, but it was first announced in 1992. The main purpose is to control the amount of toxic gas emissions from cars to be appropriate and have the least negative impact on nature. Then, the measures were developed and improved until 2014 with the Euro 6 standard, which is 96% more stringent in controlling emissions than Euro 1. The main control measures are measured by the level of toxic substances such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter and fine dust (PM), which are divided by the size, type and characteristics of the engine.
Until in December 2023, Euro 7 was provisionally agreed to include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fuelled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles.
At SGM emphasizes the production process and environmentally friendly products in every step, along with the continuous research and development of environmental technologies.
The production standards of our Metal Honeycomb for Catalytic Converters for air pollution treatment before returning to the environment, begin with the awareness of employees' production ethics and expertise from production experience with advanced production technology in every step of the production process strictly follows the specified process standards to ensure that we have gained trust from customers with products that can reduce pollution and are certified to comply with the Euro emissions standards of each area around the world.
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